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51.
This work aims to improve the rheological properties and stability of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)/acrylamide (AA) base skeleton polymer blends at harsh environment of high salinity-high temperature (HS-HT) or various pH. Different co/terpolymers have been accomplished to modify the structure of AA polymer by free-radical copolymerization of AA-based monomers. Anionic, cationic, and hydrophobic functional groups were used for the synthesis of polyelectrolyte, polyampholytic, and partially hydrophobic AA polymer types. The conversion, molecular weight, and poly dispersity of co/terpolymers have been evaluated by nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR), gel permeation chromatography, and differential scanning calorimetry analysis. The effects of sonication power, concentration of polymer, and concentration of MWCNTs were also investigated on rheological behavior of co/terpolymers. The results show that negative polyelectrolyte and polyampholytic polymers are the best candidates for the improvement of MWCNTs/polymer stability and viscosity at HS-HT and alkali environment, respectively. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136, 47205. 相似文献
52.
《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2021,46(62):31623-31633
In this paper, Pt nanoparticles (Pt NPs) deposited hybrid carbon support is prepared by modifying double-layered hollow carbon spheres(DLHCs)with poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) and used as anode catalyst of methanol oxidation. The structure of nanocomposites is characterized by SEM, TEM, FT-IR, XRD and XPS, confirming the greatly enhanced synergistic effect between the PEDOT and DLHCs, and illustrating the uniform distribution of Pt NPs on the PEDOT/DLHCs composite surface with a small particle size (~2.63 nm). Cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry and impedance spectroscopy applied to determine the electrocatalytic activity of catalysts, it is found that the synthesized PEDOT/DLHCs/Pt possesses excellent characteristics such as large electrochemically active surface area and high mass activity of 59.45 m2 g−1 and 807 mA mg−1 in 0.5 M H2SO4 containing 1 M methanol solution, which is almost 1.24 and 2.8 times greater than those of commercial Pt/C, and the catalyst exhibits superior stability after 500 durability cycles. The enhanced electrocatalytic behavior can be ascribed to the excellent electronic conductivity of PEDOT-modified DLHCs and the strong binding of PEDOT/DLHCs to Pt NPs, suggesting that the PEDOT/DLHCs/Pt is a promising electrocatalyst for direct methanol fuel cell. 相似文献
53.
《Ceramics International》2022,48(7):9124-9133
The main obstacles in lithium-ion battery are limited by rate performance and the rapid capacity fading of LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (NCM811). Herein, a novel three-dimensional (3D) hierarchical coating material has been fabricated by in situ growing carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on the surfaces of Ni–Al double oxide (Ni–Al-LDO) sheets (named as LDO&CNT) with Ni–Al double hydroxide (Ni–Al-LDH) as both the substrate and catalyst precursor. The resultant LDO&CNT nanocomposites are uniformly coated on the surfaces of NCM811 by the physical mixing method. The rate capability of the resultant cathode material retains to 78.80% at a current rate of 3C. Its capacity retention increases by 6.7–14.42% compared with pristine NCM811 after 100 cycles within a potential range of 2.75–4.3 V at 0.5C. The improved rate capability and cycle performance of NCM811 are assigned to the synergistic effects between Ni–Al-LDO and CNTs. The hierarchical LDO&CNT nanocomposites coating on the surface of NCM811 avoids the aggregation of conductive CNTs and the stacking of Ni–Al-LDO nanosheets. Furthermore, it accelerates Li+ and electrons shuttle and reduces the reaction of Li2O with H2O and CO2 in air, which results in Li2CO3 and LiOH alkali formation on the NCM811 surface. 相似文献
54.
Yicheng Fan Yuanshi Liu Kun Zhang Qingguo Feng Hongyu San 《Ceramics International》2021,47(3):3232-3237
Vanadium dioxide (VO2) is a promising thermally induced phase transition material because of the abrupt changes in electrical and optical properties. However, the high phase transition temperature of VO2 and its unspecified modulation relationship need to be resolved urgently. Herein, we proposed a simple and precise regulation criterion for VO2 materials based on size-dependent lattice distortion rate and Born theory. The results indicated that the application of a tensile stress changed the elastic properties of the VO2, which promoted VO2 phase transition, and regulated the phase transition temperature. Moreover, the specific modulation relationship between the stress and phase transition temperature of VO2 was confirmed experimentally. These results show that our criterion provides theoretical guidance to regulate VO2 thermally induced phase transition materials. 相似文献
55.
Andrew N. Kuhn Haidong Zhao Uzoma O. Nwabara Xiaofei Lu Mingyan Liu Yung-Tin Pan Wenjin Zhu Paul J. A. Kenis Hong Yang 《Advanced functional materials》2021,31(26):2101668
Copper catalysts are widely studied for the electroreduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) to value-added hydrocarbon products. Controlling the surface composition of copper nanomaterials may provide the electronic and structural properties necessary for carbon-carbon coupling, thus increasing the Faradaic efficiency (FE) towards ethylene and other multi-carbon (C2+) products. Synthesis and catalytic study of silver-coated copper nanoparticles (Cu@Ag NPs) for the reduction of CO2 are presented. Bimetallic CuAg NPs are typically difficult to produce due to the bulk immiscibility between these two metals. Slow injection of the silver precursor, concentrations of organic capping agents, and gas environment proved critical to control the size and metal distribution of the Cu@Ag NPs. The optimized Cu@Ag electrocatalyst exhibited a very low onset cell potential of −2.25 V for ethylene formation, reaching a FE towards C2+ products (FEC2+) of 43% at −2.50 V, which is 1.0 V lower than a reference Cu catalyst to reach a similar FEC2+. The high ethylene formation at low potentials is attributed to enhanced C C coupling on the Ag enriched shell of the Cu@Ag electrocatalysts. This study offers a new catalyst design towards increasing the efficiency for the electroreduction of CO2 to value-added chemicals. 相似文献
56.
Chuanpeng Li Lunwu Zhang Zhonghai Lu Rui Ding Xiaodong Zhao Bin Wang Hongtao Cui Jie Liu 《工业材料与腐蚀》2021,72(4):732-742
The waterline corrosion behaviors of carbon steel partially immersed in a 3.5 wt% NaCl solution were investigated using the wire beam electrode technique, and the effects of corrosion products on the processes of waterline corrosion were analyzed. The results demonstrated that the initial stage and development stage of waterline corrosion were mainly controlled by the concentration and diffusion of dissolved oxygen, respectively, and the deceleration stage of waterline corrosion was mainly affected by corrosion products. The main component of the yellow corrosion products was γ-FeOOH, and γ-FeOOH that exhibited a high reduction reactivity could be involved in the cathodic reaction. The black corrosion products were mainly composed of Fe3O4 with strong thermodynamic stability and the processes of dissolved oxygen diffusion and ion transports were obviously affected due to the continuous accumulation of Fe3O4 on the surface of the electrodes. Polarity reversals were observed on the single electrodes below the waterline, but the reasons for the phenomena were different from each other. 相似文献
57.
58.
Water-deficit stresses such as drought and salinity are the most important factors limiting crop productivity. Hence, understanding the plant responses to these stresses is key for the improvement of their tolerance and yield. In this study M. truncatula plants were subjected to 250 mM NaCl as well as reduced irrigation (No-W) and 250 g/L polyethylene glycol (PEG)-6000 to induce salinity and drought stress, respectively, provoking a drop to −1.7 MPa in leaf water potential. The whole plant physiology and metabolism was explored by characterizing the stress responses at root, phloem sap and leaf organ level. PEG treatment led to some typical responses of plants to drought stress, but in addition to PEG uptake, an important impairment of nutrient uptake and a different regulation of carbon metabolism could be observed compared to No-W plants. No-W plants showed an important redistribution of antioxidants and assimilates to the root tissue, with a distinctive increase in root proline degradation and alkaline invertase activity. On the contrary, salinity provoked an increase in leaf starch and isocitrate dehydrogenase activity, suggesting key roles in the plant response to this stress. Overall, results suggest higher protection of salt-stressed shoots and non-irrigated roots through different mechanisms, including the regulation of proline and carbon metabolism, while discarding PEG as safe mimicker of drought. This raises the need to understand the effect at the whole plant level of the different strategies employed to apply water-deficit stress. 相似文献
59.
Luisa Barbieri Alessandro Bigi Fernanda Andreola Isabella Lancelotti Grazia Ghermandi Maria Teresa Cotes Palomino Carmen Martínez García 《International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology》2021,18(2):353-368
Within a circular economy approach, this study investigates the environmental impact of lightweight aggregates (LWAs) produced starting from different mixes of different clays with brewery sludge and cattle bone flour ash (CBA), used as poring and fertilizing agents, respectively. The environmental impact was evaluated by means of release tests, insulation capacity, carbon footprint (CFP), and particulate matter emission during pellet firing. Release tests representative of LWAs realistic application showed very high release of phosphate and satisfactory release of potassium. The thermal insulation of the LWAs was tested by thermal imaging camera and resulted highly variable depending on the composition, with the mix containing CBA performing best. This latter composition leads also to the smallest CO2 equivalent emission, due to the calorific power of CBA, allowing lower consumption of fossil fuels during the LWA production. Finally, total particulate emissions during the thermal treatment resulted similar in terms of mass for all mixes, while differences in terms of particle morphology and composition occurred. Samples containing residue resulted with a quite good release behavior, CFP, and insulation properties, but higher emission of particles, particularly when glass is added. 相似文献
60.
The carbon vacancy in high-entropy carbides (HECs) has a significant impact on their physical and chemical properties, yet relevant studies have still been relatively few. In this study, we investigate the surface energies of HECs with variable carbon vacancies through first-principles calculations. The results show that the surface energy of the (1 0 0) surface of the stoichiometric HECs is significantly lower than that of (1 1 1) surface. With the decrease in carbon stoichiometry, the surface energies of both (1 0 0) and (1 1 1) surfaces increase gradually, which is mainly due to the weakening of covalent bonding and the decrease of metal Hirshfeld-I (HI) charges. However, the surface energy of (1 0 0) surface increases more quickly than that of (1 1 1) surface and will exceed that of (1 1 1) surface when the carbon stoichiometry decreases to a certain extent, which is primarily attributed to the greater decrease rate of metal HI charges of (1 0 0) surface. 相似文献